昭和初期の福岡・筑豊炭鉱の落盤事故で死んだ豪気な父・伊吹重蔵（仲代達矢）の血を受け継いだ遺児・信介（田中健）は、只有线義母タエ（吉永小百合）や周囲の人々の慈愛の下、只有线やがて青春の門を通り抜けていく。五木寛之の代表作ともいえる長編大河小説の第1作『筑豊篇』を『キューポラのある街』などの名匠・浦山桐郎監督のメガホンで映画化した超大作。ここで彼は原作のテイストとは異なるアプローチをいくつか試みており、特に貧困、差別といった戦前戦後の社会問題や風俗性を原作以上に強調しつつ、ひとりの青年の成長を丹念に追っていく。信介の幼なじみ織江役に、当時新人だった大竹しのぶが扮し、初々しくも見事な演技を披露している。いくつかの大胆なシーンを果敢にこなした吉永も、本作で清純派からの脱皮に成功している。（的田也寸志）
回复 :In 1961, Stanislaw Rozewicz created the novella film "Birth Certificate" in cooperation with his brother, Taduesz Rozewicz as screenwriter. Such brother tandems are rare in the history of film but aside from family ties, Stanislaw (born in 1924) and Taduesz (born in 1921) were mutually bound by their love for the cinema. They were born and grew up in Radomsk, a small town which had "its madmen and its saints" and most importanly, the "Kinema" cinema, as Stanislaw recalls: for him cinema is "heaven, the whole world, enchantment". Tadeusz says he considers cinema both a charming market stall and a mysterious temple. "All this savage land has always attracted and fascinated me," he says. "I am devoured by cinema and I devour cinema; I'm a cinema eater." But Taduesz Rozewicz, an eminent writer, admits this unique form of cooperation was a problem to him: "It is the presence of the other person not only in the process of writing, but at its very core, which is inserperable for me from absolute solitude." Some scenes the brothers wrote together; others were created by the writer himself, following discussions with the director. But from the perspective of time, it is "Birth Certificate", rather than "Echo" or "The Wicked Gate", that Taduesz describes as his most intimate film. This is understandable. The tradgey from September 1939 in Poland was for the Rozewicz brothers their personal "birth certificate". When working on the film, the director said "This time it is all about shaking off, getting rid of the psychological burden which the war was for all of us. ... Cooperation with my brother was in this case easier, as we share many war memories. We wanted to show to adult viewers a picture of war as seen by a child. ... In reality, it is the adults who created the real world of massacres. Children beheld the horrors coming back to life, exhumed from underneath the ground, overwhelming the earth."The principle of composition of "Birth Certificate" is not obvious. When watching a novella film, we tend to think in terms of traditional theatre. We expect that a miniature story will finish with a sharp point; the three film novellas in Rozewicz's work lack this feature. We do not know what will be happen to the boy making his alone through the forest towards the end of "On the Road". We do not know whether in "Letter from the Camp", the help offered by the small heroes to a Soviet prisoner will rescue him from the unknown fate of his compatriots. The fate of the Jewish girl from "Drop of Blood" is also unclear. Will she keep her new impersonation as "Marysia Malinowska"? Or will the Nazis make her into a representative of the "Nordic race"? Those questions were asked by the director for a reason. He preceived war as chaos and perdition, and not as linear history that could be reflected in a plot. Although "Birth Certificate" is saturated with moral content, it does not aim to be a morality play. But with the immense pressure of reality, no varient of fate should be excluded. This approached can be compared wth Krzysztof Kieslowski's "Blind Chance" 25 years later, which pictured dramatic choices of a different era.The film novella "On the Road" has a very sparing plot, but it drew special attention of the reviewers. The ominating overtone of the war films created by the Polish Film School at that time should be kept in mind. Mainly owing to Wajda, those films dealt with romantic heritage. They were permeated with pathos, bitterness, and irony. Rozewicz is an extraordinary artist. When narrating a story about a boy lost in a war zone, carrying some documents from the regiment office as if they were a treasure, the narrator in "On the Road" discovers rough prose where one should find poetry. And suddenly, the irrational touches this rather tame world. The boy, who until that moment resembled a Polish version of the Good Soldier Schweik, sets off, like Don Quixote, for his first and last battle. A critic described it as "an absurd gesture and someone else could surely use it to criticise the Polish style of dying. ... But the Rozewicz brothers do no accuse: they only compose an elegy for the picturesque peasant-soldier, probably the most important veteran of the Polish war of 1939-1945." "Birth Certificate" is not a lofty statement about national imponderabilia. The film reveals a plebeian perspective which Aleksander Jackieqicz once contrasted with those "lyrical lamentations" inherent in the Kordian tradition. However, a historical overview of Rozewicz's work shows that the distinctive style does not signify a fundamental difference in illustrating the Polish September. Just as the memorable scene from Wajda's "Lotna" was in fact an expression of desperation and distress, the same emotions permeate the final scene of "Birth Certificate". These are not ideological concepts, though once described as such and fervently debated, but rather psychological creations. In this specific case, observes Witold Zalewski, it is not about manifesting knightly pride, but about a gesture of a simple man who does not agree to be enslaved.The novella "Drop of Blood" is, with Aleksander Ford's "Border Street", one of the first narrations of the fate of the Polish Jews during the Nazi occupation. The story about a girl literally looking for her place on earth has a dramatic dimension. Especially in the age of today's journalistic disputes, often manipulative, lacking in empathy and imbued with bad will, Rozewicz's story from the past shocks with its authenticity. The small herione of the story is the only one who survives a German raid on her family home. Physical survial does not, however, mean a return to normality. Her frightened departure from the rubbish dump that was her hideout lead her to a ruined apartment. Her walk around it is painful because still fresh signs of life are mixed with evidence of annihilation. Help is needed, but Mirka does not know anyone in the outside world. Her subsequent attempts express the state of the fugitive's spirits - from hope and faith, moving to doubt, a sense of oppression, and thickening fear, and finally to despair.At the same time, the Jewish girl's search for refuge resembles the state of Polish society. The appearance of Mirka results in confusion, and later, trouble. This was already signalled by Rozewicz in an exceptional scene from "Letter from the Camp" in which the boy's neighbour, seeing a fugitive Russian soldier, retreats immediately, admitting that "Now, people worry only about themselves." Such embarassing excuses mask fear. During the occupation, no one feels safe. Neither social status not the aegis of a charity organisation protects against repression. We see the potential guardians of Mirka passing her back and forth among themselves. These are friendly hands but they cannot offer strong support. The story takes place on that thin line between solidarity and heroism. Solidarity arises spontaneously, but only some are capable of heroism. Help for the girl does not always result from compassion; sometimes it is based on past relations and personal ties (a neighbour of the doctor takes in the fugitive for a few days because of past friendship). Rozewicz portrays all of this in a subtle way; even the smallest gesture has significance. Take, for example, the conversation with a stranger on the train: short, as if jotted down on the margin, but so full of tension. And earlier, a peculiar examination of Polishness: the "Holy Father" prayer forced on Mirka by the village boys to check that she is not a Jew. Would not rising to the challenge mean a death sentance?Viewed after many years, "Birth Certificate" discloses yet another quality that is not present in the works of the Polish School, but is prominent in later B-class war films. This is the picture of everyday life during the war and occupation outlined in the three novellas. It harmonises with the logic of speaking about "life after life". Small heroes of Rozewicz suddenly enter the reality of war, with no experience or scale with which to compare it. For them, the present is a natural extension of and at the same time a complete negation of the past. Consider the sleey small-town marketplace, through which armoured columns will shortly pass. Or meet the German motorcyclists, who look like aliens from outer space - a picture taken from an autopsy because this is how Stanislaw and Taduesz perceived the first Germans they ever met. Note the blurred silhouettes of people against a white wall who are being shot - at first they are shocking, but soon they will probably become a part of the grim landscape. In the city centre stands a prisoner camp on a sodden bog ("People perish likes flies; the bodies are transported during the night"); in the street the childern are running after a coal wagon to collect some precious pieces of fuel. There's a bustle around some food (a boy reproaches his younger brother's actions by singing: "The warrant officer's son is begging in front of the church? I'm going to tell mother!"); and the kitchen, which one evening becomes the proscenium of a real drama. And there are the symbols: a bar of chocolate forced upon a boy by a Wehrmacht soldier ("On the Road"); a pair of shoes belonging to Zbyszek's father which the boy spontaneously gives to a Russian fugitive; a priceless slice of bread, ground under the heel of a policeman in the guter ("Letters from the Camp"). As the director put it: "In every film, I communicate my own vision of the world and of the people. Only then the style follows, the defined way of experiencing things." In Birth Certificate, he adds, his approach was driven by the subject: "I attempted to create not only the texture of the document but also to add some poetic element. I know it is risky but as for the merger of documentation and poety, often hidden very deep, if only it manages to make its way onto the screen, it results in what can referred to as 'art'."After 1945, there were numerous films created in Europe that dealt with war and children, including "Somewhere in Europe" ("Valahol Europaban", 1947 by Geza Radvanyi), "Shoeshine" ("Sciescia", 1946 by Vittorio de Sica), and "Childhood of Ivan" ("Iwanowo dietstwo" by Andriej Tarkowski). Yet there were fewer than one would expect. Pursuing a subject so imbued with sentimentalism requires stylistic disipline and a special ability to manage child actors. The author of "Birth Certificate" mastered both - and it was not by chance. Stanislaw Rozewicz was always the beneficent spirit of the film milieu; he could unite people around a common goal. He emanated peace and sensitivity, which flowed to his co-workers and pupils. A film, being a group work, necessitates some form of empathy - tuning in with others.In a biographical documentary about Stanislaw Rozewicz entitled "Walking, Meeting" (1999 by Antoni Krauze), there is a beautiful scene when the director, after a few decades, meets Beata Barszczewska, who plays Mireczka in the novella "Drops of Blood". The woman falls into the arms of the elderly man. They are both moved. He wonders how many years have passed. She answers: "A few years. Not too many." And Rozewicz, with his characteristic smile says: "It is true. We spent this entire time together."
回复 :标志大映辉煌顶峰的作品。インド北方の国にあるカピラ城は、ある朝、金色の大光輪に包まれた。スッドーダナ王の妃マーヤーがシッダ太子を生み落したのだ。それから二十年--美貌のほまれ高いスパーフ城の王女ヤショダラー姫の婿となるべき男の武芸大会が開かれた。各国王子の中で最後まで残ったのは、シッダ太子とその従兄ダイバ・ダッタの二人であった。競うこと半日、ついにシッダ太子が勝利を収めた。カピラ城内で太子夫妻の幸福な結婚生活が六年間おくられた。しかし、その頃から次第にシッダ太子の心深くに人生への懐疑が生れた。自らの境遇と奴隷や賤民の身の上との余りの違いに人生の苦悩を持ったのだ。ある夜、太子は心の安らぎと人生の悟りの道を得るために最愛の妻と城を後に禅定の地を求めて出城した。太子の諸国の放浪が続いた。ある時は岩石ガイガイたる荒野を、ある時はヒマラヤ山麓の原始林を--経てある川の畔の大きな菩提樹の蔭に太子の苦行が始められた。一方、ヤショダラー妃への邪な恋情を捨て切れないダイバは、ある夜、策略を弄して妃を犯してしまった。妃は自殺した。この悲報にも太子は城に帰ろうとしなかった。こうした菩提樹のもとにあらゆる誘惑を退けながら六年の間、苦行を続けたシッダ太子は一切の怒りと憎しみを忘れ村の女サヤ(実は帝釈天)の介添により遂に悟りを開いた。太子は仏陀として生れ変ったのだ。鹿野苑の仏陀のもとには、尊き法の教を乞う人達が全国より集って来た。仏陀の高い噂を聞いたダッタは、シュラダ行者のもとで神道力を授かるや敢然として仏陀への挑戦を開始、バラモンの布教に勤めだした。マダカ国のアジャセ王子がその出生の秘密に苦悩し父王と不和であることを知ったダイバはうまく王子に取り入って王子の権力を悪用し、バラモンの大神殿を建造させると共に、仏教徒に対する迫害と処刑を図った。このダイバの余りな非人道的な仕打に次第に疑問を抱き始めたアジャセ王子は鹿野苑に仏陀を訪れた。王子は仏陀の教えに導かれダイバとの訣別を決意した。これを知ったダイバは、王子に国王ビンビサーラ殺しのぬれぎぬを着せ、自らマダカ国王としての宣言を大神殿の台座から怒号した。その時、大地震が起りダイバは巨大な亀裂の中に消えていった。仏陀の怒りが奇蹟をもたらしたのである。それから何年かの間、仏陀の温い慈愛は庶民に安らぎを与えその教えは全世界に広まっていった。そして仏陀の入滅後も、崇高なる教えは全世界の人間の心の中に永遠に生きているのだった。
回复 :"奸母"，杀戮，与《残酷食人族》，如出一辙，意大利超真实恐怖片经典之作。不完全是由头杀到完场，至少它有一两场"床戏"与裸女，更有"奸母"的异象，满足大部分(男性)观众的愿望。它的拍摄手法亦不算太粗烂，布景不差，丧尸的化妆尤其好。演员演出也算不俗。其实是七、八十年代意大利外销美国的B级商业电影的代表作。
